When I wrote yesterday about the Browser as VM, I made the point that extensibility is difficult as we have four major browsers and multiple OSes to deal with. What Web 2.0 company is going to be willing to bet on a proprietary extension implemented in only one of those combinations? Not many if any I would guess. However, there is one option that works across all those browsers and OSes: Macromedia (now Adobe) Flash Player.

Unlike the browser, where AJAX is a relatively new idea, Flash has been positioning itself as a platform for nearly four years. Instead of AJAX, Macromedia coined the term Rich Internet Application or RIA. RIAs share a lot in common with AJAX in that they are downloaded on demand, execute arbitrary script code and can retrieve data across the network. But the most interesting commonality that Flash has with the browser is that runs across multiple browsers and OSes.

In platform portability, Flash has succeeded where Java failed. I haven’t done enough research to know exactly why yet, but I suspect that it’s because Java tried to be a complete portable environment on day one where Flash focused on specific functionality that weren’t possible any other way – so called “skip intros” – and grew up from there. In other words, Java tried the top-down approach and Flash tried the bottom-up approach. I’m not surprised bottom-up worked and top-down crashed and burned.

While the modern browser has evolved to make it a capable platform, it still lacks some capabilities that Flash has. Most notably support for rich media. Thus, sites like Pandora, Google Video and MTV Overdrive need the capabilities provided by Flash.

While it’s hard to imagine enhancements to the browser due to the difficulties across four browsers and multiple OSes, improvements to Flash are easy to imagine. According to Macromedia, Flash has 98% penetration. Even more impressive is that Flash reaches 80% penetration with new versions of the player within 12 months.

Check out this post from Kevin Lynch for more on Flash for Web 2.0 companies. So far, the only Web 2.0 company I know about (which is to say I’m sure there are more out there) is Goowy. Which ones am I missing?

Note: this is the first in a series of Web 2.0 entries. I know I’m on record as hating the term Web 2.0, but as I wrote in that post, I do belief there is a fundamental shift underway in computing. The industry is calling this Web 2.0, and I can either spit in the wind or go with the flow. Furthermore, for the more Web 2.0 savvy among my readership, much of what I write about in this series may be old news. But I want to blog what I learn as I learn it, so bear with me.

Just as the dumb terminal was eventually replaced with more sophisticated personal computers, the dumb browser has been replaced on the modern desktop by something significantly more versatile. When the ability to process arbitrary script code was added to the browser, it became a virtual machine in its own right. Perhaps unique and special-purpose when compared to environments such as the .NET CLR, but a VM all the same. And while its unique nature makes the browser unusable for entire genres of applications – you’d never use the browser to build a server application for example – it makes it well tailored for user-centric, software as a service style applications that have become commonplace. While the browser’s scripting capabilities have been around since the mid 90s, the industry has only recently started to leverage those capabilities to build applications that run on the client inside the browser. Jesse James Garrett coined the term “AJAX” – Asynchronous JavaScript and XML – to describe this style of application.

If the browser is a virtual machine, that makes JavaScript the “assembly language” of the browser. That is, JavaScript is the lowest level of abstraction you can program the browser with.  This has pretty dramatic implications on the applications you build for the browser VM. For one, JavaScript is at a sufficiently high level of abstraction that you can use it directly and be productive. Writing an entire application in IL or Java byte code is unthinkable, but isn’t really a big deal for JavaScript. Furthermore, Because JavaScript is a text-based scripting language, protecting your code as intellectual property is extremely difficult. While obfuscators exist, in the end they can only delay the reverse engineering of your code, not prevent it. This encourages business models where the in-browser code has little if any value.

For example, the big mashup functionality these days is mapping. There are three big mapping services out there: Google Maps, Microsoft Virtual Earth and Yahoo! Maps. 266 of the 368 mashups listed on ProgrammableWeb as I write this include mapping functionality from one of those services. That’s nearly three out of four. Mapping is interesting because of the sheer amount of data involved. In fact, the code is pretty useless without the back-end data. So while I can get the code for Google Maps, it does me no good without access to the data for which I need the API key. Contrast this with the complete lack of market for browser-based rich text editors. Sure, there are various open-source script libraries like Dojo, Web Wiz RTE and Kevin Roth’s RTE. But no companies offering a rich text editor service like they offer map services. Why is that? I would think the value of rich text editing would be even more widely applicable than mapping. The problem is that, unlike the map service, there’s no back end associated with a rich text editor. There’s no way to protect a client-side-only solution such as these rich text editors. The only people who do sell rich text editor components are ones who have integrated into some back-end programming environment such as Richer Components’ RichTextBox for ASP.NET.

The browser as a VM also has broad implications with regard to extensibility. Similar capabilities are delivered by the four major browsers (IE, Firefox, Opera and Safari) across the major operating systems (Windows, MacOS, Linux, FreeBSD). So the question is, how will new capability evolve in the browser? Will the growing number of Web 2.0 companies looking to provide compelling features and differentiate themselves in the marketplace demand new functionality in the browser VM? Will one of the browser vendors be willing to take the heat of building proprietary extensions to their browser? I realize that many people have a dim view of proprietary extensions, but many features we take for granted today are de facto standards that arose from Microsoft’s proprietary extensions to IE. Most notable of these of course is XMLHttpRequest, without which “AJAX” would just be “J”. And JavaScript itself started life as a proprietary extension to Netscape before eventually being turned over to ECMA for standardization.

Well that was the most annoying business trip of my life. The short version of the story is that my flight to San Francisco sat at the gate for over two hours before they decided to offload everyone and rebook them. I ended up taking a flight into Oakland which was itself thirty minutes late. Combined with the longest AirBART bus trip from Oakland Airport in the history of mankind and I ended up being 20 minutes late for my session, which they had canceled when it became clear I wouldn’t make it. Mucho apologies to the FTP staff, though I was in contact with them thru the day so they are well aware of the effort I made to be there on time.

The most annoying part was the airplane crew who continuously assured me that I’d make it because the repairs we were waiting on would be finished any minutes. Two hours later the damage was done.

I guess if I go to Toronto or Orlando, I’ll go in the day before to avoid this happening again. I didn’t want to be gone from home the extra night since both my kids are sick. But instead, I ended up going to SFO for nothing which is worse.

FYI, I sat down for an ARCast with Ron Jacobs last month to talk about Developer 2.0. It’s not he full presentation I did at the p&p summit, but it covers much of the same ground. Catch the show over on Channel 9.

FYI, for those going to VSLive! in San Francisco, I’m a last minute addition to the schedule. I’m presenting a talk titled Developer 2.0: Finding Your Way in the Future of Software Development. I wrote and delivered this presentation originally for the patterns & practices Summit back in December. It was the second-highest rated talk of the summit (after Anders’ LINQ keynote) so I’m excited to be delivering it again. I’m hoping to get a high-quality recording so I can publish it (I recorded the p&p summit version with my laptop. You can hear it but I wouldn’t say it’s “high quality”). The session is at 5:45pm on Tuesday. I’ve been told it’s in room 2016/2018, but you should double check when you get there if you’re interested in going.

There’s a solid showing from the Architecture Strategy Team at the VSLive! Software Architecture Summit this year. In addition to my last minute addition:

• John deVadoss’s day two keynote on Software Architecture on the Edge: Moving Beyond OA.
• Ron Jacobs on Integration, Service Orientation and Pattern Driven Design .
• John Evdemon on Workflow Enabled Services.
• Mauro Regio on Collaboration Software Factory.

See you in San Fran!